International Relations of Global Environmental Change Essay

International Relations of Global Environmental Change - Essay Example It is important to understand however the problems of implementing stern policies. The consequences of these policies on environment will be highly negative and this may decrease international trade drastically. Developing world is lacking the technology to produce environmental friendly products (Matsumura, A. 2010). They are taking initiatives but it will take a lot of time for any major change. In such situation where developing world in lacking resources, the strict policies for environmental protection can cause damage to their economy and to the world as well. Reducing global trade can lead the world into a financial crunch. This is why World Trade Organization cannot take up strict policies regarding global trade. International trade needs to be encouraged in order to maintain the economic prosperity in the world. Countries like South Korea and Taiwan have an export oriented economy. If the global trade is reduced then their economy will suffer badly. Also the world cannot just ban products from the developing world because they are producing high quality cheap products. The same products cannot be produced with similar costs in the developed world.This means that the world economy will also suffer if developing countries are forced to abide by the environmental protection law. People all over the world will have to pay high costs for products and economies of developing countries will suffer as a result of strict restrictions on global trade. This is the reason why global trade cannot be curtailed over environmental concerns. ... Reducing global trade can lead the world into a financial crunch. This is why World Trade Organization cannot take up strict policies regarding global trade. International trade needs to be encouraged in order to maintain the economic prosperity in the world. Countries like South Korea and Taiwan have an export oriented economy. If the global trade is reduced then their economy will suffer badly. Also the world cannot just ban products from the developing world because they are producing high quality cheap products. The same products cannot be produced with similar costs in the developed world. This means that the world economy will also suffer if developing countries are forced to abide by the environmental protection law. People all over the world will have to pay high costs for products and economies of developing countries will suffer as a result of strict restrictions on global trade. This is the reason why global trade cannot be curtailed over environmental concerns. Also devel oping countries are not in favor of environmental protection laws. They argue that the developed world was allowed to use the methods of production and this contributed to their growth and dominance today. Now when the developing world is following in their footsteps then they are being rebuked and stopped. Environmental laws are seen by many as methods by which developed world is trying to hinder the economic growth of developing world. This is another reason why tensions exist between environmental protection and global trade. Developing world sees this as an opportunity to expand its economy while any strict environmental policies will do

Brand Management Assignment2 Managing Price Discounting and its Essay

Brand Management Assignment2 Managing Price Discounting and its possible impact on Brand Equity - Essay Example Price is the ingredient of the marketing mix that has been subjected to the most intensive analysis -- particularly by economists. But as an aspect of the mix, it cannot be divorced from other ingredients. It must incorporate and reflect them. Optimal prices cannot be established, and pricing remains an art with a host of factors to be evaluated for which there are no precise measures and weights. Price discounting is the main strategy used by managers to attract customers and popularize a product. Consumers do not respond to price discount alone; they respond to value. A lower price does not necessarily mean expanded sales. Moreover, marketing activities influence price. For example, governmental agencies have investigated advertising as a cause of higher prices. In microeconomic theory it has received great attention; in marketing, the significance of price varies among industries, competitive situations, and products (Baker, 2006). Pricing is significant where the market impact, profit results, or both, of price variations is great, and where firms have considerable discretion over the prices charged. In many instances pricing decisions are severely constrained and are sometimes relatively unimportant. Large purchasers of industrial goods, for instance, may specify prices at which they will buy, determine product specifications, and send specifications to suppliers for co mpetitive bids (Philips, 2005). For other products price may not be a relevant factor. In some technical areas where products require much research and development and involve much uncertainty, a cost-plus scheme may be used. In other situations, sellers may be almost completely free to set prices, while in still others, they may only be able to decide whether or not to sell at a price. In an economy of scarcity, price is accorded more attention than any other marketing factor. In an economy of abundance, non-price factors assume increasing marketing importance and products are differentiated on other bases than price (Marn et al 2004). Price Discounts and Marketing Objectives The main considerations for pricing discounts decisions involve market objectives and organizational considerations, costs and marketing mix strategies. Also, it is important to take into account market demands and psychographic characteristics of the target audience, competitors' prices and market position of the company. Pricing is a sensitive and complex decision area affecting sales, costs, and profits for both industrial and consumer goods. For consumers, price reductions and increases have symbolic meanings. A customer may associate a price reduction with a reduction in quality, the anticipation of new models, or even lower prices or poor market acceptance (Philips, 2005). Higher prices may indicate better quality, a good image, and good value. Customer perceptions of price are important. Whereas pricing is usually perceived as a short-run action, its implications can be long-run, even to the point of shaping industry structures. Markets that may be viewed as systems of informa tion on cost and demand determine the appropriateness of prices (Marn et al 2004). They contain signals that businessmen must decode. But market information is ambiguous, fragmentary, and imperfect; it contains much uncertainty and is interpreted differently by various executives. To those who can read the signals properly, increased

Popularity Of Reality Home Makeover Shows Cultural Studies Essay

Popularity Of Reality Home Makeover Shows Cultural Studies Essay Reality television relating to self-help or home improvement is an immensely popular subcategory of television today. From the mid to late 1990s, Ireland saw an explosion of interior design home makeover shows. These programmes would take an everyday typical home and attempt to renovate it within just a few days on a variety of budgets, providing viewers with plenty of tips and tricks on how to take full advantage of their homes. This study will examine how much of an influence these shows really have over the public and how an interior designer is perceived from this exposure on television. Two pioneering shows that focused primarily on interior design and the longest aired shows to date were BBCs Changing Rooms and RTÉs Beyond the Hall Door. Both of these shows aired in 1996 and ran until 2004. Changing Rooms was classed as a do-it-yourself home improvement show with the objective for neighbours, friends or family to exchange homes for two days and to re-design one room in each others homes with the help of a professional interior designer and  £500 pound budget. They regularly hosted designers that created outrageous designs with the outcomes of the finished rooms leading to controversial reactions from the homeowners. In its height Changing Rooms had an audience of millions between the UK and Ireland. Research has shown that Thursday nights viewing at 8pm brought the most viewers; an example of this would be Thursday at 8pm 2nd of Aug 1998 there was 10.59 Millions  [1]  . This fluctuated between six and ten million over the time it aired from 1996 to 2004. In addition to the television series there was a number of books published and a DVDs of the highlights from the series. Below is an extract from the back of the DVD box collection produced it sums the series up accurately. Trust me Im a designer! Many neighbours did and regretted it. Others had their doubts but were delighted. Its all here: the highs, the lows, the tears and the tantrums that make up the best of Changing Rooms! See the rooms that left us speechless and the rooms that we can never forget. Laugh out loud at the outrageous antics of the designers, the stubborn determination of Handy Andy, and of course the neighbours with attitude. Rediscover the breath-taking designs that dropped our jaws and lets not forget about the DIY disasters that made us cover our eyes! Naked women on walls and trees on ceilings Anything you could ever imagine making out of plywood, rocks and purple paint. Crashing teapots and clashing personalities White rooms, black rooms and the infamous its crap! room. Its Changing Rooms at its best, hosted by Carol Smillie, with personal insights from some of your favourite designers  [2]  . The infamous its crap! room  [3]   A couple of Changing Rooms controversial episodes led to tears and tantrums from the owners and designers. One such incident was the its crap! room documented by The Telegraph newspaper. They ran an article on the 12th Sep 2000  [4]  , and it speaks of Mrs. Cairns anger at the result when her bedroom was revealed in her 17th century home. It was the responsibly of Mrs. Cairns neighbours The Ruffs and the new designer to the show Laura Mc Cree to re-design a bedroom in her period home. Mrs. Cairns and her husband helped Laurence Llewelyn-Bowen, the shows other designer, to redecorate a bedroom on classical lines in the Ruffs neo-Gothic mansion. Llewelyn-Bowen is planning to go ultra dramatic in the Ruffs bedroom. Starting by painting the walls a creamy orange colour, John was an artist and he was tasked with creating a large mural for the wall. Handy Andy the handyman on the show is tasked to create an extremely large romantic bed. It has four women one at each corner to give the appearance that they are holding the bed canopy up. Figure (1.1). Llewelyn-Bowen believes this could be his best room design ever. Mrs. Cairns was in the hope that her bedroom would be kept in with the existing style of her 17th century home, but she was confronted with lime-washed floorboards, white walls with terracotta panels and breeze block seats and finally shaving from her neighbours chest were used to create art work in her room. Mrs Cairns went as far as to describe the work as abysmal and summed it up in one word crap. In the midst of Mrs Cairns harsh honest views on her bedroom makeover it left the interior designer Laura Mc Cree in disbelief and tears. Mrs Cairns further when on to say: The rooms are done for television only, they are like film sets. People may not realise the standard of the work that goes into these rooms. If you hired decorators and they left it like that you would fire them.  [5]   At the same time in Ireland there was RTÉs Beyond the Hall Door and it was classed as the interior design series with attitude. It claimed to give viewers the best practical ideas and creative inspiration for every room in their house. Each revamp took three full days to complete by the interior designers with an unlimited budget. Although one such viewer believes the designs creating were tasteless, bland and highly influenced the public. It is no wonder the public at large are so guilty of tasteless and bland interiors, when they are constantly being told that the products of the aforementioned challenge are interesting and beauteous!!!  [6]   In 1999 viewers were invited to watch a new television series. BBCs DIY SOS which still runs today, the show was created due to the immense audience figures from Changing Rooms, the format of the show was slightly different to Changing Rooms and Beyond the Hall Door as it does not focus on a main interior designer. The main focus was actually on the building work and trades men with a team consisting of carpenter, a plaster and electrician and occasionally an interior designer. The show is also based around families who may be struggling due to financial or medical issues, one memorable episode: Nick Knowles and the DIY SOS team travel to Duxford near Cambridge. They enlist the aid of local trades to help Paul and Sarah Behan, who had just started an extension to their tiny bungalow when their young son Joshua was diagnosed with a rare and aggressive form of liver cancer. Joshuas cancer meant the extension had to be abandoned just when it became more necessary than ever. The effort from the trades is immense, but they have only got nine days to finish the job.  [7]   Images to the left are before and after of the living room and kitchen from DIY SOS, Figure (1.2) BBC news reported the following on Friday, 21 April, 2000 DIY enthusiasts are being injured and even killed, after being led into over-ambitious projects by television make-over programmes, the UK government has said. Ministers believe that programmes like Changing Rooms are encouraging people to take on jobs which are beyond their abilities.  [8]   This above comment leads us to the question Are interior design television shows just breading a society of DIY enthusiast or do they lead to clients for interior designers? This question will be answered in the following chapters. While Changing Rooms and Beyond the Hall Door concluded in 2004 we had another home make-over show to our screens ITVs 60 Minute Makeover a daily interior design television program that is going into its ninth year. The unaware house owner is usually nominated by a friend or relative and sent away for two days, while the 60 Minute Makeover team secretly arrives on site. The makeover team would be tasked with renovating three to four rooms in the house all with-in a 60 minutes transformation before the house owner returns home. Throughout the episode, the presenter keeps time with a stopwatch. Half-way through the task, the team take a tea break which gives the designer an opportunity to assess the progress of the makeover and for the paint to dry. The team returns to work once the host starts the stopwatch again. After two days away the home owner approaches their house only to be greeted by family and friends prior to the big reveal. They then receive a tour of their redesigned room s by the host who invites them to react to the changes. The home owner would receive the makeover due to illness or difficult time in their lives with the cost covered by the show, this can add to the emotional reaction to the end results. This leads us to the question, regarding the standard of work being produced in such a short time frame and is it misleading the public into thinking they can do the same. 60 Minute Makeover joined forces with Surprise Surprise to help surprise a super nan. Kayleigh and her sister Chantelle were brought up by their nan, Janet. Shes always wanted a new kitchen, so the team stepped in to work their magic and make Janets dream come true  [9]  Figure (1.3) In 2005 Ireland was in the height of the property market with numerous housing estates popping up all around the country. This was an excellent time for a new design show to our screens RTÉs Showhouse. Showhouse was presented by Neville Knott we see him introduce us to two professional interior designers who plan to take over two identical new houses from the abundance of housing estates in Ireland; these houses would be aimed at first time buyers or growing families. The designers have the task of completing a creative, captivating and ultimately winning interior with identical budget ranging from à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬20,000 to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬52,000  [10]  . Designers are allocated twelve weeks to plan their designs and six days to work on the interior. Day one of the show the designer talks through their mood boards and concept and where they discovered their inspiration. Half way through the show each designer is allowed to view one room from their competitor house and view are expressed some positive and some not so. One segment of the show the designers express their talent and assert their role as experienced interior designer and their reason for winning. Finally on the seventh day the public arrive to vote and express their opinion on each of the interiors. This segment of the episode shows the designers viewing the public reactions from behind a closed door, with some heated exchanges as the public are told not to hold back on their opinions. In 2009 alone the show reached over half a million viewers per episode  [11]  . Looking at one such Showhouse episode from Ballbriggan, Co.Dublin  [12]  we see two designers Trevor Wilson and Jane Reddy take on the challenge with a budget of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬40,000 for each house which are aimed at first time buyers. We see Janes concept being sleek, suffocated and tribal and Trevors style which is cutting edge and funky. Trevor describes his master bedroom Figure (1.4) as a Vibrant, dramatic and classy room, but later when the public view the room one womans opinion of the room is as follows, she absolutely hates it and it looks like Paris Hiltons love nest and finds it quite offensive. Following on to Janes living room Figure (1.5) which is designed with an African theme she describes the room to be sleek, simple and sophisticated. But behold the public opinion where one woman when she is asked by Knott do you think you could have done this yourself?  [13]  She claims she would do a better job than this actually.  [14]  A couple of other opinions exp ressed were that the living room was too plain and the kitchen was bland and lacked in color. Figure (1.6) In Ireland the recession has fully hit the property market and homeowners are now looking for budget friendly home makeover ideas previously we seen budgets of up to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬52,000 being spent on makeovers such as Showhouse. The following series My Showhouse, Roomers and Nevilles Doorstep Challenge have a range of different budget to match every homeowner requirements. Showhouse thrived for five years on RTÉ, it was then taken to a new level with a twist added and it became My Showhouse. My Showhouse again presented by Neville Knott it gives homeowners an opportunity to receive a professional interior designers help, to transform the interior of their home and make it as good if not better than a Showhouse. Whether they may be first-time buyers, completing a new build or just require updating their tired interiors. Each week the homeowners are presented with two interior designers that create real life walk in mood board based on the clients needs. Figure (1.7). Once the designers have presented their designs, one is chosen to create the interior along with the clients. They have one week to transform their home in preparation for the viewing day. On the final day, the house is opened to the public with their brutal honesty they get a chance to rate the property and answer the following question, Would you live in a house like this? Once again the public are given an opportunity to voice their opinions before voting, about the finished interior. Despite comments such as the living room being too bland and depressing and none of the furniture matches, Figure (1.7) 92% of the voters said they would live in a house like this. 2011 welcomed Roomers to our screens another interesting twist on an interior design series. Knott is joined in this series by interior designers Joseph McCann, Karl Fradgley and Anne-Marie Hamill, each designer is given an opportunity to express their specialist skills and to attempt to renovate unattractive rooms in different homes around Ireland. Each week we see Knott guide the Roomers expert team to tackle unattractive living rooms, bedrooms and kitchens, Figure (1.8) each with a different budget they work closely with the homeowners they are allocated. Each of the designers hopes to produce a captivating interior along with the owners of the property. The difference in this show is that the public do not get a chance to view the finished interiors is down to the other homeowners to view and ultimately it is down to them to decide who the winner will be. The series contained a wealth of interior design tips for viewers, on an assortment of budgets from à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬1,300 to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬27,000. One episode of the series Roomers attracted an audience in excess of 585,000  [15]  , which was the highest rating yet with a viewing figure of 36% share on the Irish national broadcaster RTÉ  [16]  . In the previous series Knott was the host and in this new series Nevilles Doorstep Challenge he takes the position of the main interior designer to demonstrate his experience of over the last twenty-seven years as a designer. Nevilles Doorstep Challenge rounds up as our final solely based on interior design series produced on Irish television at the current time. This series has an extremely attractive budget of just à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬1000 euro or even less for Knott to work with. From hundreds of applicants, Knott choose six homes across the country to surprise the homeowners, he and his team would makeover one problem room per episode while the homeowner was sent away for the two days. In episode two Knott re-designs a dining room to create a bright and airy space. Figure (1.9) Knott was asked why he decided to become the main interior designer on Nevilles Door Step Challenge He said he wanted to prove to all interior designers and the public that interiors could be designed on a small budget (not rely on expensive items)  [17]   In the following chapters the viewers perception of these shows and what an Interior Designer Role may entail will be explored.

Energy Demand Essay -- Environment, Green Energy

This year, the world is predicted to burn through some thirty-one billion barrels of oil, six billion tons of coal, and a hundred trillion cubic feet of natural gas, and producing over thirty tons of carbon dioxide. Nobody really knows when the last drop of oil, lump of coal or cubic foot of natural gas will be collected from the Earth. All of it will depend on how well we manage our energy demands along with how well we can develop and use our renewable energy sources (Kolbert 349). Green energy can also be referred to as renewable energy, which requires less maintenance compared to non-renewable sources of energy (Ellis 66). Fuel for the renewable sources of energy comes from natural resources such as wind, reducing costs of production. This paper will highlight the major advantages of green energy. California was one of the first states to develop utility-scaled wind farms, and until 2000 had more wind farms than all countries combined. Furthermore, according to the U.S. Department of Energy, California’s wind power plants offset the emission of more that 2.5 billion pounds of carbon dioxide and 15 million pounds of other pollutants that would have been produced. Wind energy is most preferable because it has no waste products. Currently, California has more than 13,000 wind turbines generating electricity, of those 13,000 or 95 percent are located in three main areas: (1) Altamont Pass, (2) Tehachapi, and (3) San Gorgonio. According to U.S. Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar, â€Å"Wind power is a key(s) to America’s clean energy future† (AWEA 2011). In addition, A. Solway from Renewable Resources stated that, â€Å"renewable energy is pro-environment being ranked as the cleanest source of green energy and does not in any ... ...nd. However, setting up the offshore turbines has been quite challenging, as relocation of people has been a hot topic that has propped up many challenges (Twidell and Wier 76). Aside from all the positive aspects of wind turbines one of the largest arguments against turbines is the large number of bird and bat fatalities that are attributed to windmills during their migration. The birds and bats are dieing due by flying into the blades on the windmills. Taking this into account some of the measures, the green power industry has taken to try an avoid any further impact on the wildlife. One of the steps is replacing old turbines with new ones, which produce more energy. According to the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service, that by comparison to communication towers, oil spills, feral cats that a very small fraction of birds is actually killed by wind related causes.

Biochemistry and Technology Essay

1. For the lesson, I chose the topic of animal cloning for agricultural needs. 2. The sources I used are http://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/NewsEvents/FDAVeterinarianNewsletter/ucm106070.htm http://www.understandinganimalresearch.org.uk/how/areas-of-research/animal-cloning/ 3. Cloning has always been something of science fiction, the ability to make an exact copy of an organism. Recently though, this sci-fi idea is more of reality than ever. Many have heard of Dolly the sheep, a perfect clone, but cloning has been done many times throughout the world. Rabbits, horses, mice and others have been clone before. Since cloning only takes one parent cell, the offspring is an exact genetic replica of the first. Now, cloning for agriculture was one of the first marketing thoughts on the subject. If a farmer were to have just one healthy pig that could end up being 100 healthy pigs, it would get rid of the problem of genetic problems with farm animals. A 100% success rate would help the farming business greatly. 4. There are many positive aspects of cloning technology for the use of livestock trading. This technology would benefit all in the livestock circle. Imagine that every steak you came from the â€Å"near-perfect† cow. Each cow would have the genes of one â€Å"perfect† cow. This would give the consumer and producer less work of having to find the best of what they want. 5. Many fear that cloning could be used for the wrong purposes, the main being human testing. People fear that the testing of animals is just the first step to people. Another problem that people fear is that animals will start to less seem like animals and just soulless things. 6. So Dolly was not the first clone, and she looked like any other sheep, so why did she cause so much excitement and concern, since she was the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell, rather than an embryo. This was a major scientific achievement, but also raised ethical concerns.

Deposit Mobilization Essay

INTRODUCTION 1.1 Study Background For the development of any country, the financial sector of that country is responsible and must be strong. The financial sector is vast field, which comprises of banks, cooperatives, insurance companies, financial companies, stock exchange, foreign exchange markets, mutual funds etc. These institutions collect idle and scattered money from the general public and finally invest in different enterprises of national economy that consequently help in reducing poverty, increase in life style of people, increase employment opportunities and thereby developing the society and country as a whole. Thus, today’s concept, the financial institutions and commercial banks has become one of the bases for the measuring level of economic development of nation. Commercial banks are the main source which motivates people to save their earnings. Bank deals in accepting the saving of people in the form of deposit collection and invest it in the productive area. They give the loan to the people against real and financial assets. They transfer monetary sources from savers to users. In other words, they are intermediate between lender and receiver of fund they mobilize the depositor fund. Whereas in Nepal the role of joint venture banks are still to be realized as an essentials machine of mobilizing internal saving through various banking schemes in the economy. Hence, to uplift the backward economic condition of the country, the process of capital accumulation, among other prerequisites should be expedited. This project report has been prepared as an output of the researcher’s internship experience in Nepal Credit and Commerce Bank Limited. Nepal Credit and Commerce Bank Ltd. (NCC Bank) formally registered as Nepal- Bank of Ceylon Ltd. Commenced its operation on 14th October, 1996 as a Joint Venture with Bank of Ceylon, Srilanka. It was the first private sector bank with the largest authorized capital of NRS. 1000 million. The Head Office of the Bank is located at Siddhartha Nagar, Rupandehi, the birthplace of LORD BUDDHA, while its corporate office is placed at Bagbazar, Kathmandu. 1.2 Statement of the Problem Nepal is underdeveloped country and rapid economic development is the basic need of the country. Development by its means is not possible within a short period and it takes a long time for the proper development of a country, it has to build up infrastructure. In Nepal, the process of development started only after 1956 A. D. when the first five year plan came into practice. Capital in fact, plays the leading role for the economic development of a country. But in Nepal, there is shortage of capital. There are various sources of accumulating capital internal and external sources. Under external sources: aid, grants and loans are the main sources. In internal sources: accumulating capital, taxes, public enterprises, public debt are the popular in our country. But due to underdevelopment, poverty, lack of banking knowledge the desired capital for the development of the country cannot be accumulated from those internal sources. So, it can be said that in Nepal’s present situation bank deposit is dependable and permanent sources of capital accumulation. The need of deposit mobilization for economic development of a country is no more to question. But we are facing an acute problem of resources mobilization. We have 32 commercial banks in Nepal which are very much considered to be vital financial institution to mobilize domestic resources. 1.3 Objective of the Study The objective of the study is to examine relationship between the amount of total deposit and amount of total credit granted by the bank. The main objectives of the study are: * To analyze the relationship between deposits and loans and advances. * To analyze the effectiveness of deposit mobilization of the bank. * To examine how far the interest rates of deposits have positive relationship with the deposit collection of the bank. * To measure the impact of interest rates of loan on the credit extended by the bank. * To draw suggestions and recommendations to the concerned bank for the further improvement. 1.4 Significance of the Study Banks and other financial institutions play important role to increase economic standard for the development of the country. Economic development becomes slow if there are incomplete and unfair banking facilities. Especially commercial banks provide different economic and technical facilities to the people who involve in business activities. Commercial banks play major role in collection of scared small savings form depositors and transfer these funds into productive sectors for the economic development. Mainly this study covers the deposit and credit position of commercial bank (NCC), so it helps to reveal the financial position of bank and study occupies an important role in the series of the studies on commercial bank. The significances of the study are: * Important to know how well the bank is utilizing its deposits. * Important to policy formulator and also be useful for academic professionals, students particularly those involves in commerce, CA and financial institutions to formulate policies and plans on the basis of the performance of the bank. * Important to the management party of the bank for the evaluation of the performance of their bank and comparison with other banks. * Important for the investors, customers (depositors, loan takers) and personnel of bank to take various decisions regarding deposits and loan advances. * This study will be equally important to the others who are interested to know about the area. It may encourage to researcher to research further. 1.5 Relevance of the Study Currently, banks are gaining the stakeholders’ belief through their efficient management and professional services and playing an eminent role in the economy. The deposit mobilization for the bank is tough job. So, the study is focused on how the deposits are mobilized by the bank. The study attempts to interlink the financial performance and the deposit mobilization of the bank. The study is expected to be useful to different stakeholders as: 1. The study is expected to be useful to the shareholders as they can analyze the risk relating to credit. 2. The study is expected to be useful to the management bodies of the bank to improve the operations of the bank to add more value to its service 3. The study is expected to be useful to the government body, NRB for further research is the area to formulate and implement new policies and regulations. 4. The study is expected to be useful to the other stakeholders to know the practices made over the deposit mobilization by the bank 5. The study is expected to be useful to analyzes the internal strengths and weaknesses of the bank 6. The study is expected to be useful to anyone who is conducting a bank survey in the related topic. 1.6 Research Questions The study intends to reveal the following issues of deposit mobilization practices by the bank: 1. What is the relationship between deposit and loans and advances? 2. What is the effectiveness of deposit mobilization of the bank? 3. How far the interest rates of deposits have positive relationship with the deposit collection of the bank? 4. What is the increasing or decreasing trend of deposit mobilization of the bank? 1.7 Limitations of the Study As every research has its own limitation, this study is not biased. The research is done for the partial fulfillment of MBA. Therefore, this study has some limitations, which are listed below: * This research study largely depends on the secondary data like annual reports (Profit and Loss Account, Balance Sheet and Financial Statements). * The study is based on only financial and statistical tools and technology. * The study mainly based on last five years data (2003 to 2008) that are not enough for the statistical calculation and cannot be generalized for entire financial sectors. 1. 8 Organization of the Report Chapter one deals with the general background of the study and the major issues which has governed the overall study, chapter two deals with the nature of Nepal’s banking industry and challenges of banking sector in Nepal, chapter three deals with the qualitative aspect of Nepal Credit and Commerce Bank Limited which gives the introduction of major products and services provided by NCC Bank and new innovative products recently launched by NCC Bank, chapter four deals with presentation and analysis of data and Finally chapter five deals with the findings of the study and the recommendations which have been given to the bank for improving its deposit mobilization. CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1Review of Literature Deposit is the sum of money lodged with a bank, discount house or other financial institution. Deposit is nothing more than the assets of an individual which is given to the bank for safe-keeping with an obligation to get something (interest) from it. To a bank these deposits are liabilities. Commercial bank Act 2031 (1974) defines â€Å"Deposits† as the amount deposited in a current, savings or fixed accounts of a bank or financial institution. The deposits are subject to withdrawals by means of cheque on a short notice by customers. There are several restrictions on these deposits, regarding the amount of deposit, number of withdrawal etc. These are considered more as investments and hence they earn some interest. The rate of interest varies depending on the nature of the deposits. The bank attracts deposits from customers by offering different rates of interest and different kinds of facilities. Though the bank plays an important role in influencing the customer to save and open deposit accounts with it, it is ultimately the customer who decides whether s/he should deposit his surplus funds in current deposit a/c, saving deposits or fixed/time deposit a/c. Bank deposits arise in two ways. When the banker receives cash, it credits the customer’s account, it is known as a primary or a simple deposit. People deposit cash in the banking system and thereby convert one form of money, cash, into another form, bank money. They prefer to keep their money in deposit accounts and issue cheques against them to their creditors. Deposits also arise when customers are granted accommodation in the form of loans. When a bank grants a loan to a customer it doesn’t usually pay cash but simply credits the customers account with the amount of loan. Of course, there is nothing that prevents the borrower from withdrawing the entire amount of borrowing in cash but quite often s/he retains the amount with the bank as deposit. CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY To solve the research problems, few systematic ways are adopted to collect the required data and information. Research methodology refers to the various sequential steps that are to be adopted by a researcher during the course of studying the problem with certain objectives. It shows overall research method from the theoretical aspects to the collection and analysis of the data. This study covers quantitative methodology in a greater extent and also uses the descriptive part based on both technical and logical aspect. This study tries to perform a well designed, quantitative and qualitative research in a very clear and direct way by using both financial and statistical tools. 3.1 Research Design This study is based on a descriptive research design and follows an analytical approach. To achieve the study objectives, the required data are collected from secondary and primary sources and analyzed through the use of different financial and statistical tools. 3.2 Research Tools In order to collect the data, the researcher had visited the bank as an intern for 8 weeks of time period. The tools that are used for the study is through direct observation at the time of internship, and discussions with the officers of the bank in concerned department. 3.3 Data Collection Method The methods of collecting data are primary and secondary. Primary data includes personal observation, informal talk and also interview with officers whereas Secondary data includes Annual report of the bank, published and unpublished documents etc. 3.4 Data Analysis Tools The processed data were analyzed and tested with the financial tools i.e. Ratio Analysis, Trend Analysis, graphs whereas Statistical tools are Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation Analysis, Probable Error (P.E) and Hypothesis Testing. BIBLIOGRAPHY Books * Annual Report of NCC Bank limited 2003/04 – 2007/08. * Kathmandu Frontier Associates (KFA), Professional Banking Course references. * Levin R. I and Rubin D.S. (2008), â€Å"Statistics for Management (7th Ed.)†, Pearson Prentice Hall. New Delhi * Sharma, Pushkar Kumar and Chaudhary, Arun Kumar (2058), â€Å"Statistical Methods†, Kathmandu: Khanal Books Prakashan. * Van Horne, C. James (2005), â€Å"Financial Management and Policy†, (12th Ed.), Pearson Prentice Hall, New Delhi. Websites www.nrb.gov.np www.google.com www.wikipedia.com www.nccbank.com.np